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        <h1 id="原文"><a href="#原文" class="headerlink" title="原文"></a>原文</h1><p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmFlbGR1bmcuY29tL2phdmEtaGVhZGxlc3MtbW9kZQ==" title="https://www.baeldung.com/java-headless-mode">https://www.baeldung.com/java-headless-mode<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></p>
<h1 id="引言"><a href="#引言" class="headerlink" title="引言"></a>引言</h1><p>这篇文章源自个人看到了Kafka的启动脚本中一个“奇怪”的参数：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">-Djava.awt.headless=<span class="keyword">true</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>拿去谷歌一下发现网上的描述都大差不差，这里找了baeldung（类似国外的菜鸟教程）中的一篇文章，本文内容来自于英文博客原文。</p>
<p>这篇文章介绍了 <strong>-Djava.awt.headless</strong> 参数的作用，网上大部分的资料都是说“为了<strong>提高计算效率和适配性</strong>我们可以使用这种模式，关闭图形显示等功能可以大大节省设备的计算能力，而且对一些本身没有相关显示设备的机器也能适配，程序也可以正常运行。”，个人认为这些理论内容不太能理解。</p>
<p>当然也有诸如<strong>服务器没有显示屏什么的，你得告诉程序一声，你工作的地方没有这些设备</strong>这种说法 ，为此找了一篇国外的博客介绍。</p>
<a id="more"></a>

<h1 id="如何设置？"><a href="#如何设置？" class="headerlink" title="如何设置？"></a>如何设置？</h1><p>设置方式如下：</p>
<ul>
<li>在system property中设置 <em>java.awt.headless</em> 为 _true_。</li>
</ul>
<p>SpringBoot的源码中可以找到类似的代码：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">configureHeadlessProperty</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.setProperty(<span class="string">"java.awt.headless"</span>, System.getProperty(<span class="string">"java.awt.headless"</span>, Boolean.toString(<span class="keyword">this</span>.headless)));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>启动脚本中进行设置<code>-Djava.awt.headless=true</code>：在Kafka的脚本当中存在类似的启动脚本。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">KAFKA_JVM_PERFORMANCE_OPTS=<span class="string">"-server -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=20 -XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=35 -XX:+ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent -XX:MaxInlineLevel=15 -Djava.awt.headless=true"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>最后一个参数显示它使用headless模式。</p>
<ul>
<li>在执行命令的时候动态添加<code>-Djava.awt.headless=true</code>，这种方式和脚本设置启动的方式类似。</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="Headless-绕过重量级组件"><a href="#Headless-绕过重量级组件" class="headerlink" title="Headless 绕过重量级组件"></a>Headless 绕过重量级组件</h1><p>如果一个带有GUI组件的代码在开和关Headless模式下运行分别会有什么不同的效果？</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Test</span>  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">FlexibleApp</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless()) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">"Hello World"</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(<span class="keyword">null</span>, <span class="string">" showMessageDialog Hello World"</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>上面的代码如果关闭了Headless模式，则打印Hello World会变为图形化界面。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230223072911.png" alt=""></p>
<p>如果开启Headless，则会打印在控制台。</p>
<h1 id="Headless-Mode-在UI组件的应用案例"><a href="#Headless-Mode-在UI组件的应用案例" class="headerlink" title="Headless Mode 在UI组件的应用案例"></a>Headless Mode 在UI组件的应用案例</h1><p>Java Headless Mode 的典型案例可能是使用图形转化器，我们有时候可能需要图形数据进行图像处理，但是不一定需要实际显示。</p>
<p>下面通过一个单元测试来模拟这些情况：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">  <span class="meta">@Before</span>  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">setUpHeadlessMode</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 通过注释掉下面的代码测试不同的效果  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        System.setProperty("java.awt.headless", "true");  </span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Test</span>  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">whenSetUpSuccessful_thenHeadlessIsTrue</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">boolean</span> headless = GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless();  </span><br><span class="line">        Assert.assertTrue(headless);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;<span class="comment">/*  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    测试通过  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    注释下面的代码之后，单元测试不通过  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    //        System.setProperty("java.awt.headless", "true");    */</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>使用awt的组件<code>java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment#isHeadless</code>，注意较高版本的JDK（例如 JDK11）中awk被直接干掉了，需要下载外部依赖导入才可以使用，建议选择JDK8以及以下的版本测试上面的程序。</p>
<p>上面的代码如果注释掉 headless模式，单元测试会直接不通过。下面简单构建了一个图形转化器：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Test</span>  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">whenHeadlessMode_thenImagesWork</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">boolean</span> result = <span class="keyword">false</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> (InputStream inStream = HeadlessModeUnitTest<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>.<span class="title">getResourceAsStream</span>(<span class="title">IN_FILE</span>)</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">         FileOutputStream outStream = <span class="keyword">new</span> FileOutputStream(OUT_FILE)) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        BufferedImage inputImage = ImageIO.read(inStream);  </span><br><span class="line">        result = ImageIO.write(inputImage, FORMAT, outStream);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    assertThat(result).isTrue();  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在接下来的这个例子中，我们可以看到所有字体的信息，包括字体的度量，也可以让我们使用。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">  <span class="meta">@Test</span>  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">whenHeadless_thenFontsWork</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        GraphicsEnvironment ge = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment();  </span><br><span class="line">        String fonts[] = ge.getAvailableFontFamilyNames();  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        assertThat(fonts).isNotEmpty();  </span></span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">        Font font = <span class="keyword">new</span> Font(fonts[<span class="number">0</span>], Font.BOLD, <span class="number">14</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">        FontMetrics fm = (<span class="keyword">new</span> Canvas()).getFontMetrics(font);  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        assertThat(fm.getHeight()).isGreaterThan(0);  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        assertThat(fm.getAscent()).isGreaterThan(0);  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        assertThat(fm.getDescent()).isGreaterThan(0);  </span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="HeadlessException"><a href="#HeadlessException" class="headerlink" title="HeadlessException"></a>HeadlessException</h1><p>有些设备是需要外部设备支持的，否则会抛出下面的异常：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Exception in thread <span class="string">"main"</span> java.awt.HeadlessException</span><br><span class="line">	at java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment.checkHeadless(GraphicsEnvironment.java:<span class="number">204</span>)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.awt.Window.&lt;init&gt;(Window.java:<span class="number">536</span>)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.awt.Frame.&lt;init&gt;(Frame.java:<span class="number">420</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>可以使用Frame来进行验证：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">   <span class="meta">@Test</span>  </span><br><span class="line">   <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">whenHeadlessmode_thenFrameThrowsHeadlessException</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">       Frame frame = <span class="keyword">new</span> Frame();  </span><br><span class="line">       frame.setVisible(<span class="keyword">true</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">       frame.setSize(<span class="number">120</span>, <span class="number">120</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">   &#125;<span class="comment">/*  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">   在开关Headless模式后会有不同的结果  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">   开启：通过      </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">   </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">   关闭  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">   ava.awt.HeadlessExceptionat java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment.checkHeadless(GraphicsEnvironment.java:204)  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">at java.awt.Window.&lt;init&gt;(Window.java:536)  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">at java.awt.Frame.&lt;init&gt;(Frame.java:420)  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">at java.awt.Frame.&lt;init&gt;(Frame.java:385)  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">   */</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>作为一个经验法则，请记住，像Frame和Button这样的顶级组件总是需要一个交互式的环境，并且会抛出这个异常。然而，如果没有明确设置无头模式，它将被抛出，成为一个不可恢复的错误。</p>
<h1 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h1><p>通过代码和案例分析，我们大致了解Java Headless Mode模式是怎么一回事，说白了就是屏蔽掉外置设备比如GUI的额外开销，转而用程序自己去进行模拟。</p>
<p>Kafka设置这样的参数就是把性能发挥到机制，摈弃一切外部设备干扰，让服务器尽可能的通过自身程序模拟外部设备。</p>
<p>比如重量级组件控制台打印，在外部设计可以通过<code>JOptionPane</code>的GUI组件实现可视化效果，而Headless则是利用我们熟知的<code>System.out</code>控制台输入输出流完成打印功能的模拟。</p>
<p>以上就是关于 Java Headless Mode 的理解。</p>
<h1 id="程序demo"><a href="#程序demo" class="headerlink" title="程序demo"></a>程序demo</h1><p>本文的个人实验代码放到下面部分，文章提到的部分代码可能会无法编译通过（图形转化器的代码），个人理解代码意图之后就没有深究了，读者碰到报错问题忽略删除即可。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>PS：建议使用JDK8之前的版本，可以直接引入awt和swing的相关组件。</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.LiteralNode;  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.junit.Assert;  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.junit.Before;  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.junit.Test;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> javax.imageio.ImageIO;  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> javax.swing.*;  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.awt.*;  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.awt.image.BufferedImage;  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.io.FileOutputStream;  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.io.IOException;  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.io.InputStream;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> org.junit.Assert.assertThat;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">HandlessTest</span> </span>&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Before</span>  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">setUpHeadlessMode</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 通过注释掉下面的代码测试不同的效果  </span></span><br><span class="line">        System.setProperty(<span class="string">"java.awt.headless"</span>, <span class="string">"true"</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Test</span>  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">whenSetUpSuccessful_thenHeadlessIsTrue</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">boolean</span> headless = GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless();  </span><br><span class="line">        Assert.assertTrue(headless);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;<span class="comment">/*  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    测试通过  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    注释下面的代码之后，单元测试不通过  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    //        System.setProperty("java.awt.headless", "true");    */</span>  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//@Test  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//public void whenHeadlessMode_thenImagesWork() throws IOException &#123;  </span></span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//    boolean result = false;  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//    try (InputStream inStream = HandlessTest.class.getResourceAsStream(IN_FILE);  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//         FileOutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(OUT_FILE)) &#123;  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//        BufferedImage inputImage = ImageIO.read(inStream);  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//        result = ImageIO.write(inputImage, FORMAT, outStream);  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//   &#125;  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//    Assert.assertTrue(result);  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//&#125;  </span></span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//    @Test  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//    public void whenHeadlessMode_thenImagesWork() &#123;  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        boolean result = false;  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        try (InputStream inStream = HeadlessModeUnitTest.class.getResourceAsStream(IN_FILE);  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//             FileOutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(OUT_FILE)) &#123;  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//            BufferedImage inputImage = ImageIO.read(inStream);  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//            result = ImageIO.write(inputImage, FORMAT, outStream);  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        &#125;  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        assertThat(result).isTrue();  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//    &#125;  </span></span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Test</span>  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">whenHeadless_thenFontsWork</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        GraphicsEnvironment ge = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment();  </span><br><span class="line">        String fonts[] = ge.getAvailableFontFamilyNames();  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        assertThat(fonts).isNotEmpty();  </span></span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">        Font font = <span class="keyword">new</span> Font(fonts[<span class="number">0</span>], Font.BOLD, <span class="number">14</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">        FontMetrics fm = (<span class="keyword">new</span> Canvas()).getFontMetrics(font);  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        assertThat(fm.getHeight()).isGreaterThan(0);  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        assertThat(fm.getAscent()).isGreaterThan(0);  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        assertThat(fm.getDescent()).isGreaterThan(0);  </span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Test</span>  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">whenHeadlessmode_thenFrameThrowsHeadlessException</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        Frame frame = <span class="keyword">new</span> Frame();  </span><br><span class="line">        frame.setVisible(<span class="keyword">true</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">        frame.setSize(<span class="number">120</span>, <span class="number">120</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;<span class="comment">/*  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    在开关Headless模式后会有不同的结果  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    开启：通过  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    关闭  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    ava.awt.HeadlessException   at java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment.checkHeadless(GraphicsEnvironment.java:204)   at java.awt.Window.&lt;init&gt;(Window.java:536)   at java.awt.Frame.&lt;init&gt;(Frame.java:420)   at java.awt.Frame.&lt;init&gt;(Frame.java:385)  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    */</span>  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Test</span>  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">FlexibleApp</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless()) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">"Hello World"</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(<span class="keyword">null</span>, <span class="string">"showMessageDialog Hello World"</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h1><p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamlhbnNodS5jb20vcC83MjQ4YjNmZjVjYTc=" title="https://www.jianshu.com/p/7248b3ff5ca7">https://www.jianshu.com/p/7248b3ff5ca7<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></p>
<p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmFlbGR1bmcuY29tL2phdmEtaGVhZGxlc3MtbW9kZQ==" title="https://www.baeldung.com/java-headless-mode">https://www.baeldung.com/java-headless-mode<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>](<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmFlbGR1bmcuY29tL2phdmEtaGVhZGxlc3MtbW9kZV0oaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmFlbGR1bmcuY29tL2phdmEtaGVhZGxlc3MtbW9kZSk=" title="https://www.baeldung.com/java-headless-mode](https://www.baeldung.com/java-headless-mode)">https://www.baeldung.com/java-headless-mode](https://www.baeldung.com/java-headless-mode)<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>)</p>
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